Browsing
SHOW DATABASES;
SHOW TABLES;
SHOW FIELDS FROM table / DESCRIBE table;
SHOW CREATE TABLE table;
SHOW PROCESSLIST;
KILL process_number;

Select
SELECT * FROM table;
SELECT * FROM table1, table2;
SELECT field1, field2 FROM table1, table2;
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition GROUP BY field;
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition GROUP BY field HAVING condition2;
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition ORDER BY field1, field2;
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition ORDER BY field1, field2 DESC;
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition LIMIT 10;
SELECT DISTINCT field1 FROM ...
SELECT DISTINCT field1, field2 FROM ...

Create / Open / Delete Database
CREATE DATABASE DatabaseName;
CREATE DATABASE DatabaseName CHARACTER SET utf8;
USE DatabaseName;
DROP DATABASE DatabaseName;
ALTER DATABASE DatabaseName CHARACTER SET utf8;

Insert
INSERT INTO table1 (field1, field2) VALUES (value1, value2);

Delete
DELETE FROM table1 / TRUNCATE table1
DELETE FROM table1 WHERE condition
DELETE FROM table1, table2 FROM table1, table2 WHERE table1.id1 =
  table2.id2 AND condition

Update
UPDATE table1 SET field1=new_value1 WHERE condition;
UPDATE table1, table2 SET field1=new_value1, field2=new_value2, ... WHERE
  table1.id1 = table2.id2 AND condition;

Drop
DROP TABLE table;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table;
DROP TABLE table1, table2, ...

Alter
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 NOT NULL ...
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 NOT NULL ...

Users and Privileges
CREATE USER 'user'@'localhost';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON base.* TO 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE ON base.* TO 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON base.* FROM 'user'@'host'; -- one permission only
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM 'user'@'host'; -- all permissions
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('new_pass');
SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'host' = PASSWORD('new_pass');
SET PASSWORD = OLD_PASSWORD('new_pass');
DROP USER 'user'@'host';
Host ‘%’ indicates any host.